COVID-19 Research From A Systems Perspective

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. COVID-19 Return to Life 2022 (Part 3) Please take the COVID-19 Ventilation Survey - Since mid-2020 when it was disclosed that COVID-19 is airborne, the guidance has been to increase ventilation inside public spaces. However, do people know what increasing ventilation means and have they taken steps to properly increase ventilation. This systems engineering analysis is constantly being updated. This web page is the most current. September 12, 2021 Initial Release. Last Modified: 02/25/2022, 01/26/24 COVID-19 Return To Life 2021 (Part 2 & 3) (PDF) usually out of date The initial research was started in March 2020 and is documented in the following links: Return To Life 2020 COVID-19 Return To Life (2020 system analysis PDF usually out of date) YouTube Summary Presentation of 2020 Research(a small subset) transcript YouTube Presentation Faculty Meeting (6:57) (dry run) Presentation Drexel Faculty Meeting (12:58) A book was produced that includes the 2020 COVID-19 research published on this website and additional systems engineering content: COVID-19 A Systems Perspective. The original research eventually resulted in system architecture solutions to mitigate and eliminate the virus. It was found that the problem is massive within small enclosed spaces, problematic in large spaces, and extremely rare in outdoor spaces. It was also found that the technology exists, is relatively low cost, and is part of the system solution in elite settings. The problem is a social problem where the technology and system solutions must find their way into all facilities especially schools, airports, airplanes, bars, restaurants, etc. where large numbers of people congregate and where the facilities are not properly maintained and use the available technologies to mitigate and eliminate contagions from the air. Like in the original research, it is unclear where this research may lead. The systems perspective will continue to be the approach used to develop this research. One of the key challenges in systems engineering is to determine the key needs, key analysis, key requirements, and key system architecture approaches that will solve the problem. This is very difficult because there is the important consideration to filter out the irrelevant while not losing what may be the answer. So as this research unfolds topics will surface and they either will be abandoned, delayed, or taken to a logical conclusion. The following is offered as a definition of Systems Engineering from Systems Engineering Design: Discipline that concentrates on the design and application of the whole (system) as distinct from the parts. It involves looking at a problem in its entirety, taking into account all the facets and all the variables and relating the social to the technical aspect. -- Simon Ramo. For the specialists that are working their respective areas, in a systems effort they are represented and sit at the systems engineering table. As they present their analysis findings their work informs other specialists in completely different analysis areas. It is this cross fertilization that allows all specialists to broaden their perspectives and enables them to detect new patterns in their own body of work, especially if they are stuck. Systems engineering is the mechanism that allows specialists to quickly and effectively communicate their analysis to completely different areas and significantly shift the overall results in a positive direction. This systems engineering analysis is offered in that spirit of an effective systems engineering activity. One of the important elements that the systems perspective provides is that it includes the human condition in the system. The system solution must include the reality that people are part of the system and that they do not behave rationally. So the system must account for irrational human behavior otherwise it will fail or have very poor performance characteristics. Without the systems perspective this is always lost. The purpose of all the analysis is to enable the development of potential architecture and design solutions. Eventually the architecture(s) and design(s) must be selected. It is important to review and try to understand the research findings from 2020 as part of reviewing this research in 2021. This is a long hard read. Use the table of contents to navigate. It is constantly being updated and follows the natural flow of all systems engineering efforts; some analysis is a dead end and is abandoned, some analysis converges, some analysis diverges, and some analysis stays at a steady state level until new information surfaces, typically from a specialist on the team. More information on the systems perspective for this problem is available as part of this systems engineering analysis at: Systems Perspective.

Research COVID-19 FAQ Building Ventilation Clean Air Buildings Building Contagion Mitigation Certification Building Ventilation (video2) Return To Life P1 2020 Return To Life P2 2021 Return To Life P3 2022 Systems Perspective My Systems Work Systems Practices Systems Design Systems Perspective Privatization COVID-19 System Architecture (internal) Systems Software (internal) My View Of Systems Education My View Of Systems

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Table of Contents

1. COVID-19 Return to Life (2020 to 2021 March research)
2. COVID-19 Return to Life Part 2 (New research started March 2021)
3. COVID-19 Return to Life Part 3 (New research started September 2021)
   1. Quick Summary, 09/12/21, 12/21/21
   2. International Perspective 09/12/21, 09/15/21, 09/20/21, 09/22/21
      1. Worst Case By Region And Country 09/12/21, 09/22/21
      2. Monthly By Country 09/12/21, 09/22/21
      3. Vaccinated By Country 09/12/21, 09/22/21
      4. First Confirmed Case By Country 09/12/21, 09/22/21
   3. USA States Perspective 09/23/21
   4. Hawaii 11/14/21
   5. Vaccine and Vaccinations 11/20/21
      1. Press Releases 11/20/21
      2. Unvaccinated Social Response 12/09/21
      3. Vaccine and Vaccinations in Part 2 11/20/21
   6. Ventilation Survey 12/09/21, 12/23/21
   7. Constant COVID-19 Virus Exposure 12/18/21
      1. Vaccinated Constant Virus Exposure 12/18/21
      2. Unvaccinated Constant Virus Exposure 12/18/21
      3. Constant Virus Exposure Mitigation 12/18/21
   8. Previous Contagions Death Rates and Mitigations 12/28/21
   9. Long Haulers and Ventilation 12/18/21, 12/20/21
   10. Airline Ventilation and Masks 12/19/21, 12/21/21
   11. Infection and Body Response 12/26/21, 12/28/21
       1. COVID-19 Body Response 12/26/21
       2. Delta Body Response 12/26/21
       3. Omicron Body Response 12/27/21, 12/29/21, 01/03/22
   12. Stopping Indoor Respiratory Infection 12/30/21
       1. A Paradigm Shift to Combat Indoor Respiratory Infection 12/30/21, 12/31/21, 01/01/22
       2. This Research Attempts to Address Ventilation 12/30/21, 12/31/21, 01/01/22
       3. Building Clean Air Act Proposed Legislation 01/02/22
   13. Virus Infection Testing Approaches 01/14/22
       1. Goldberg Drums Testing 01/16/22, 01/18/22
       2. University of Bristol Aerosol Testing 01/14/22, 07/24/22
       3. Operational Settings Testing 01/16/22
       4. Empirical Data 01/17/22
       5. Virus Infection Testing System Observations 01/16/22
   14. Proposed Ventilation Test and Evaluation Program 01/20/22
       1. A Program for Action 01/20/22, 01/22/22
       2. Technical Roadmap 01/20/22
          1. Test Approach 01/20/22, 02/04/22, 02/05/22, 02/07/22
          2. Test Templates 01/20/22, 02/04/22, 02/05/22, 02/07/22
             1. Classroom Testing
             2. Public Building Testing - Small Space
             3. Public Building Testing - Large Space
             4. Custom Test - Home Owners Association Clubhouse
             5. Airport TSA, Ticket, Gate Areas Testing, and FAA Facilities
             6. Airplane Cabin Testing
          3. Possible Test Results and New Standards 02/07/22
       3. Organization Staffing Levels and Costs 01/20/22, 02/04/22, 02/05/22
       4. Ventilation Products Testing and Cost Tradeoffs 01/27/22, 02/14/22
          1. Mechanical UV PCO systems 01/27/22, 02/14/22
          2. FAR UV Performance 02/22/22
       5. Other Test Activities 02/03/22
          1. MITRE Testing 02/03/22
          2. US Air Force Commercial Aircraft Testing 02/03/22
          3. FAA Testing 02/03/22
          4. MIT Testing 02/03/22
          5. ASHRAE 02/03/22
          6. Military Standards 02/05/22
   15. Clean Air Certificates For Buildings 02/08/22
   16. Building Ventilation In The Age Of Contagions 05/03/22
   17. Living with COVID-19 - Outdoor Indoor ACH Benefits 06/02/22, 07/21/22
       1. Leading Causes of Death 06/02/22, 07/21/22
       2. COVID-19 Cause of Death Ranking - Wells Riley Details 06/02/22, 07/21/22
       3. COVID-19 Cause of Death Ranking - Remaining Virus Perspective 06/02/22, 07/21/22
       4. COVID-19 Cause of Death Ranking - Systems Safety Perspective 06/02/22, 07/21/22
       5. COVID-19 Cause of Death Ranking - Wells Riley-Perspective 06/02/22, 07/21/22
       6. COVID-19 Cause of Death Ranking - All Perspectives Comparisons 06/02/22, 07/21/22
       7. ACH Benefit Analysis 06/02/22, 07/07/2022, 07/16/22, 07/21/22, 07/24/22
       8. ACH Benefit Observations 07/24/22
       9. Vaccine Coverage Versus Proper Ventilation Coverage 07/24/22, 07/26/22
       10. Ventilation Test Procedure Performed By Volunteers 07/31/22
   18. Airborne Contagion Detection Architecture Alternatives 10/02/22
   19. Mask ACH Equivalence 11/17/22
   20. What Should Be The ACH Levels 11/17/22
   21. ACH Measurement Protocols 03/18/23
   22. STEM Ventilation Activities 03/18/23
   23. Ventilation Cost Benefit Analysis 01/26/24
   24. Ukraine Events 02/01/22, 02/02/22, 02/25/22, daily updates

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Quick Summary

There are many COVID-19 systems research areas being addressed by this research in 2021 but probably the most important areas in 2021 are associated with our buildings especially schools. Eventually the concept of building certification surfaced to ensure that people are more safe from COVID-19 and other contagions especially in small indoor spaces. Unfortunately once again the government is hands off in this area so industry, school districts, and local governments are left on their own to figure out what really needs to be done. As always the details are massive and confusing without an entity to vet, filter, and organize the information.

The City of Philadelphia has attempted to address this need with a site survey of all their schools and a restaurant program that identifies what restaurants must do to provide for a more safe space. They made the information public and it is available via the Internet. This is not the first time Philadelphia has taken a lead role in addressing public health.

This research also attempted to address this void by developing a self certification model and software tool to help people understand their facilities from a contagion perspective. This was rejected and the tool and concept never took root. A second attempt was made by using a ventilation survey to first gather data on the current state of ventilation in public spaces and then offer the results. The survey was not accepted and very little data was collected and this is a key finding. The survey was expanded to gather data from everyone and gage their level of knowledge on ventilation. Once again very little data was collected and this is a key finding.

Once the vaccine became available it was expected that this research would wind down. There was an expectation that there would be a small segment of the population that would reject vaccination. However, what has unfolded is beyond reasonable expectations and points to a serious social political problem that this research has tried to avoid and leave to historians and leaders that must dig us out of this hole. This social political problem is embedded throughout the society from politicians sabotaging vaccination efforts to journalists that refuse to ask questions that would immediately expose the toxic players.

The other research topics are shown in the Table of Contents. This is a quick summary of some of the other research areas:

Where Did The Virus Come From?

1. The USA via the CDC resurrected the 1918 pandemic virus
2. Gain of function research is being performed around the world, make no mistake about it there are hidden stakeholders driving the research
3. There is massive technology with very low barriers of entry that is as dangerous as nuclear technology
4. It does not matter where COVID-19 came from what matters is the response

There is massive social bifurcation and what are the implications?

1. You can't fix stupid, there will be large numbers of people rejecting the existence of COVID-19 and the vaccine
2. Some people will live, work, and play in very safe indoor spaces and most will not, making people sick where many will die for decades

There is a post vaccine world.

1. Some will try to figure out how to build, upgrade, and maintain healthy infrastructure
2. There will be massive push back on remote work because of powerful stakholders that must fill commercial building space
3. We are in the middle of a massive mega trend where the civilization is adopting toxic philosophies

COVID-19 is a symptom of a much larger problem, the civilization is in big trouble.

1. There is toxic legislation
2. There is toxic management
3. There are toxic generational choices being made constantly

The International data perspective is providing additional insights into the COVID-19 disaster.

Virus Source Observations - International Data Perspective

1. The deaths for China are 4,848 or 0.35 per 100,000 people, which is very low, with a death rate of 4.5%, which is relatively high.
2. The total deaths in China as of September 2021 are 5,683. China has vaccinated 1,095,000,000 people with a very high vaccination rate of 75.8% by September 2021.
3. The vaccination rates show that China is very concerned about the virus.
4. China vaccinated the largest number of people on the planet. Yet their death statistics are very low.
5. If the virus originated in China, then the death statistics should be much higher.
6. China may not be not reporting the death statistics in the same way as other nations.
7. If one compromises the numbers, then they should be compromised in a way to not attract attention, the numbers from China attract attention suggesting they are probably real.
8. If the virus was not detected by other countries early in the outbreak, then an approach to determine the source of the virus may be to go out a few months and examine the numbers.
9. Going out a few months to examine the numbers is based on the assumption that the virus at that point was being detected. There should be a pattern peak.
10. If the data for May and June of 2020 is examined, new countries surface as the possible source of the virus and they are: USA, Brazil, UK, Italy, France, and Spain.
11. Spain and France have lower numbers as time moves forward suggesting that the countries based on early detected deaths drops to four: USA, Brazil, UK, Italy.
12. Peru has the highest deaths per 100,000 people at 611 versus the USA at 211 and China at 0.35.
13. Going back to examine the May June 2020 data and the deaths per 100,000 people, Peru is added to the list of countries as a possible virus source: USA, Brazil, UK, Italy, Peru.
14. This observation is completely out of the box and unexpected.
15. Future analysis may eventually provide an answer as other data is uncovered and other patterns detected.

Virus and Vaccination Observations - International Data Perspective

1. Why is the United States performing so poorly with the virus?
2. What are the implications if the vaccine is not rolled out to the rest of the countries, even if the death per 100,000 people are very low?
3. Why are the vaccination rates in the Ukraine so low, are they still an agrarian society living outside away from cities and less vulnerable to the virus or is something else happening?
4. Russia also has a low vaccination rate so the issue in the Ukraine is not related to Russian aggression.
5. Why are certain countries hit very hard by the virus and others not?
6. Many countries like Peru, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Brazil, San Marino, Argentina, Colombia, Moldova, Slovakia, Paraguay, Belgium, Georgia, Italy, Slovenia, Mexico, Croatia, Tunisia haves deaths per 100,000 people data that are worse than the US.
7. Many countries have very low deaths per 100,000 people. They tend to be in the Pacific rim and Caribbean.

Ventilation Observations - International Data Perspective

1. The following is a picture of the city of Lima in Peru.
2. The image shows that the possibility of the massive COVID-19 deaths in Peru may be associated with the heavy emphasis on indoor spaces.
3. It is unclear if the HVAC systems share the air flow with different occupants in the various buildings.

Lima Peru - 611 deaths per 100,000 people largest on Earth Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peru, October 2021

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International Perspective

International Perspective

1. Worst Case By Region And Country
2. Monthly By Country
3. Vaccinated By Country
4. First Confirmed Case By Country
5. USA States Perspective

back to TOC

The system boundary for this analysis has been expanded beyond the United States to include the entire world. This section has multiple tables with a large amount of data. So that the key system observations are not lost, they are provided at the front of this section. There is some commentary between the raw data tables.

International Perspective and Key System Observations

The deaths for China are 4,848 or 0.35 per 100,000 people, which is very low, with a death rate of 4.5%, which is relatively high. The total deaths in China as of September 2021 are 5,683. China has vaccinated 1,095,000,000 people with a very high vaccination rate of 75.8% by September 2021. The vaccination rates show that China is very concerned about the virus. They vaccinated the largest number of people on the planet. Yet their death statistics are very low.

Country	Vaccinations	Vaccination %	Death Rate	Total Deaths	Deaths per 100,000	Detection Date
World (7.9 billion)	3,305,991,786	42.0%	-	4,518,351	57	01 December 2019
United States	209,437,152	62.3%	1.6%	659,970	201.06	20 January 2020
China	1,095,000,000	75.8%	4.5%	4,848	0.35	01 December 2019
Italy	4,606,413	72.5%	2.8%	129,919	215.46	30 January 2020
Greece	6,259,984	60.4%	2.3%	14,169	132.22	26 February 2020

These numbers are important because there are claims that the virus originated in China. The claims are based on early virus data from 2020 that shows China as the first to have deaths from the virus. However, it is possible that it was first detected in China much like the 1918 Spanish Flu was first detected in Spain. If the virus originated in China, then the death statistics should be much higher. An alternative is that China is not reporting the death statistics in the same way as other nations.

Date	Country or territory
1 December 2019	China
2020
13 January 2020	Thailand
16 January 2020	Japan
20 January 2020	South Korea, United States
21 January 2020	Taiwan
22 January 2020	Hong Kong, Macau
23 January 2020	Nepal, Singapore, Vietnam
24 January 2020	France
25 January 2020	Australia, Canada, Malaysia
27 January 2020	Cambodia, Germany, Sri Lanka
29 January 2020	Finland, United Arab Emirates
30 January 2020	India, Italy, Philippines
31 January 2020	Russia, Spain, Sweden, United Kingdom
3 February 2020	Belgium
14 February 2020	Egypt
19 February 2020	Iran
21 February 2020	Israel, Lebanon
24 February 2020	Afghanistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman
25 February 2020	Algeria, Austria, Brazil, Croatia, Switzerland
26 February 2020	Georgia, Greece, North Macedonia, Norway, Pakistan, Romania
27 February 2020	Denmark, Estonia, Netherlands, Nigeria, San Marino
28 February 2020	Azerbaijan, Belarus, Iceland, Lithuania, Mexico, Monaco, New Zealand
29 February 2020	Ecuador, Ireland, Luxembourg, Qatar
1 March 2020	Armenia, Czech Republic, Dominican Republic, Saint Barthalemy, Saint Martin
2 March 2020	Andorra, Indonesia, Jordan, Latvia, Morocco, Portugal, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Tunisia
3 March 2020	Argentina, Chile, Gibraltar, Liechtenstein, Ukraine
4 March 2020	Faroe Islands, French Guiana, Hungary, Poland, Slovenia
5 March 2020	Bosnia and Herzegovina, Martinique, Palestine, South Africa
6 March 2020	Bhutan, Cameroon, Colombia, Costa Rica, Peru, Serbia, Slovakia, Togo, Vatican City
7 March 2020	Maldives, Malta, Moldova, Paraguay
8 March 2020	Albania, Bangladesh, Bulgaria
9 March 2020	Brunei, Cyprus, Guernsey, Panama

If the virus was not detected by other countries early in the outbreak, then an approach to determine the source of the virus may be to go out a few months and examine the numbers. This is based on the assumption that the virus at that point was being detected. If the data for May and June of 2020 is examined, new countries surface as the possible source of the virus and they are: USA, Brazil, UK, Italy, France, and Spain. This finding is based on early detected deaths. This is a new observation and does not match what was described in other sections of this analysis: Where Did COVID-19 Come From . WHO Report on Virus Origins . US Intelligence on Virus Origins . Conspiracy Theories and Social Bifurcation.

When this analysis started it was unclear where it would lead. Looking for patterns eventually led to questioning the source of the virus. There are other patterns that are more important. For example:

1. Why is the United States performing so poorly with the virus?
2. What are the implications if the vaccine is not rolled out to the rest of the countries, even if the death per 100,000 people are very low?
3. Why are the vaccination rates in the Ukraine so low, are they still an agrarian society living outside away from cities and less vulnerable to the virus or is something else happening?
4. Russia also has a low vaccination rate so the issue in the Ukraine is not related to Russian aggression.
5. Why are certain countries hit very hard by the virus and others not?

There is a great deal to consider with this data. It will be examined for hundreds of years.

International Data and System Observations [spreadsheet-international]

Back To International Perspective

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Worst Case By Region And Country

The following data shows the COVID-19 pandemic by location sorted by deaths per 100,000 people as of September 14, 2021 [1]. These are some observations:

1. There are many countries with deaths per 100,000 people data that are worse than the US. They are:
   • Peru, Hungary, Bosnia and Herzegovina, North Macedonia, Montenegro, Czech Republic, Bulgaria, Brazil, San Marino, Argentina, Colombia, Moldova, Slovakia, Paraguay, Belgium, Georgia, Italy, Slovenia, Mexico, Croatia, Tunisia. Some are micro states others are not, they have large populations.
   • The source of this result is unclear.
   • Peru is especially hit hard.
2. It is surprising to see China with such a low 0.35 deaths per 100,000 people while the US and UK are at a very high 201 deaths per 100,000 people.
3. Brazil is very high and it was part of the countries identified in the May June 2020 data as a possible virus source.
4. Spain and France have lower numbers suggesting that the original group of six possible virus source countries based on early detected deaths is now four: USA, Brazil, UK, Italy.
5. Going back to examine the May June 2020 data and the deaths per 100,000 people, Peru is added to the list of countries as a possible virus source: USA, Brazil, UK, Italy, Peru.
6. This observation is completely out of the box and unexpected. History may eventually provide an answer as other data is uncovered and other patterns detected.

When the data is sorted by Region the worst case deaths per 100,000 people by regions are shown in the following table. The Regional Classifications are from the International Telecommunications Union [2].

[spreadsheet-international]

Region (ITU)	Worst Case Deaths per 100,000
South/Latin America	611.38
Europe	307.94
Arab States	206.97
United Kingdom	201.28
North America	201.06
Africa	144.94
Middle east	137.87
Asia & Pacific	77.90

The regions are further decomposed to zero in on areas with a finer level of detail. The region source is  from the List of Countries by Region Adopted from Annex II: Classification of Major Areas and Regions of the Population Division, DESA, United Nations [3]. Some countries were not associated with a region in the United Nations source reference. These countries were associated using data from other sources via the Internet.

When the data is sorted by UN Region + other sources for the missing countries, the worst case deaths per 100,000 people by regions are shown in the following tables.

[spreadsheet-international]

Region (UN+) Worst Case Deaths per 100,000 America South 611.38 Europe Eastern 307.94 Europe Southern 302.79 Europe Western 221.65 Asia Western 220.00 America Central 209.87 Africa Northern 206.97 Europe Northern 201.28 America North 201.06

Region (UN+) Worst Case Deaths per 100,000 Africa Southern 144.94 Asia South-Central 137.87 Caribbean 116.31 Africa Eastern 108.58 Asia South-Eastern 64.82 Oceana Melanesia 60.12 Africa Western 58.19 Asia Eastern 32.43 Africa Middle 18.13

Region (UN+) Worst Case Deaths per 100,000 Oceana Australia 4.33 Oceana New Zealand 0.55 Asia Eastern - China 0.35 Antarctica 0.00 Oceana Micronesia 0.00 Oceana Polynesia 0.00

The following table shows the COVID-19 pandemic by Region and Country sorted by deaths per 100,000 people as of September 14, 2021 [1]. Peru has the highest deaths per 100,000 people as of September 14, 2021.

[spreadsheet-international]

Country	Confirmed cases	Deaths	Case rate	Deaths per 100,000 Population	Region (ITU)	Global (ITU)
Peru	2,161,086	198,764	9.20%	611.38	South/Latin America	Global South
Hungary	814,732	30,086	3.70%	307.94	Europe	Global North
Bosnia and Herzegovina	220,636	9,995	4.50%	302.79	Europe	Global North
North Macedonia	183,523	6,259	3.40%	300.41	Europe	Global North
Montenegro	121,908	1,800	1.50%	289.33	Europe	Global North
Czech Republic	1,683,179	30,413	1.80%	285.04	Europe	Global North
Bulgaria	471,272	19,522	4.10%	279.85	Europe	Global North
Brazil	20,999,779	586,851	2.80%	278.06	South/Latin America	Global South
San Marino	5,373	90	1.70%	265.8	South/Latin America	Global South
Argentina	5,224,534	113,402	2.20%	252.35	South/Latin America	Global South
Colombia	4,930,249	125,647	2.50%	249.6	South/Latin America	Global South
Moldova	274,812	6,521	2.40%	245.37	Europe	Global North
Slovakia	398,690	12,558	3.10%	230.25	Europe	Global North
Paraguay	459,257	16,097	3.50%	228.5	South/Latin America	Global South
Belgium	1,205,516	25,454	2.10%	221.65	Europe	Global North
Georgia	580,869	8,185	1.40%	220	Europe	Global North
Italy	4,606,413	129,919	2.80%	215.46	Europe	Global North
Slovenia	276,174	4,469	1.60%	214.04	Europe	Global North
Mexico	3,511,882	267,748	7.60%	209.87	South/Latin America	Global South
Croatia	383,915	8,440	2.20%	207.5	Europe	Global North
Tunisia	685,019	24,205	3.50%	206.97	Arab States	Global South
United Kingdom	7,259,752	134,525	1.90%	201.28	Europe	Global North
United States	40,955,201	659,970	1.60%	201.06	North America	Global North
Poland	2,893,649	75,425	2.60%	198.64	Europe	Global North
Chile	1,644,071	37,232	2.30%	196.45	South/Latin America	Global South
Ecuador	505,278	32,448	6.40%	186.77	South/Latin America	Global South
Spain	4,907,461	85,290	1.70%	181.17	Europe	Global North
Romania	1,120,804	34,990	3.10%	180.77	Europe	Global North
Uruguay	386,701	6,040	1.60%	174.48	South/Latin America	Global South
Portugal	1,055,584	17,861	1.70%	173.92	Europe	Global North
France	6,990,662	116,124	1.70%	173.16	Europe	Global North
Armenia	248,850	5,002	2.00%	169.12	Europe	Global North
Andorra	15,083	130	0.90%	168.52	Europe	Global North
Lithuania	308,464	4,688	1.50%	168.22	Europe	Global North
Panama	462,010	7,131	1.50%	167.93	South/Latin America	Global South
Bolivia	495,035	18,587	3.80%	161.44	South/Latin America	Global South
Liechtenstein	3,380	60	1.80%	157.82	Europe	Global North
Kosovo	157,002	2,795	1.80%	155.78	Europe	Global North
South Africa	2,858,195	84,877	3.00%	144.94	Africa	Global South
Sweden	1,138,017	14,703	1.30%	142.95	Europe	Global North
Iran	5,295,786	114,311	2.20%	137.87	Middle east	Global South
Namibia	126,290	3,435	2.70%	137.7	Africa	Global South
Latvia	147,193	2,609	1.80%	136.4	Europe	Global North
Luxembourg	76,632	834	1.10%	134.54	Europe	Global North
Greece	615,157	14,169	2.30%	132.22	Europe	Global North
Suriname	33,573	764	2.30%	131.42	South/Latin America	Global South
Russia	7,037,435	189,319	2.70%	131.13	Europe	Global North
Ukraine	2,419,254	57,772	2.40%	130.16	Europe	Global North
Switzerland	808,058	10,952	1.40%	127.72	Europe	Global North
Austria	710,030	10,839	1.50%	122.1	Europe	Global North
Lebanon	613,498	8,192	1.30%	119.49	Middle east	Global South
Bahamas	19,335	453	2.30%	116.31	South/Latin America	Global South
Costa Rica	489,784	5,754	1.20%	114	South/Latin America	Global South
Germany	4,087,125	92,625	2.30%	111.42	Europe	Global North
Serbia	816,912	7,548	0.90%	108.68	Europe	Global North
Seychelles	20,593	106	0.50%	108.58	Africa	Global South
Netherlands	2,005,532	18,451	0.90%	106.45	Europe	Global North
Jordan	807,384	10,548	1.30%	104.42	Middle east	Global South
Ireland	366,659	5,155	1.40%	104.32	Europe	Global North
Eswatini	44,863	1,172	2.60%	102.08	Africa	Global South
Botswana	163,665	2,325	1.40%	100.92	Africa	Global South
Estonia	146,707	1,312	0.90%	98.9	Europe	Global North
Trinidad and Tobago	47,130	1,376	2.90%	98.64	South/Latin America	Global South
Honduras	350,879	9,319	2.70%	95.62	South/Latin America	Global South
Belize	17,405	373	2.10%	95.55	South/Latin America	Global South
Malta	36,758	449	1.20%	89.33	Europe	Global North
Albania	157,026	2,543	1.60%	89.1	Europe	Global North
Guyana	27,976	683	2.40%	87.25	South/Latin America	Global South
Monaco	3,276	33	1.00%	84.69	Europe	Global North
Bahrain	273,743	1,388	0.50%	84.57	Arab States	Global South
Oman	303,105	4,089	1.30%	82.19	Middle east	Global South
Israel	1,172,253	7,383	0.60%	81.55	Europe	Global North
Palestine	369,761	3,817	1.00%	81.47	Arab States	Global South
Kazakhstan	915,383	14,423	1.60%	77.9	Asia & Pacific	Global North
Guatemala	510,724	12,710	2.50%	76.55	South/Latin America	Global South
Canada	1,549,841	27,247	1.80%	72.49	North America	Global North
Saint Lucia	9,823	132	1.30%	72.21	South/Latin America	Global South
Turkey	6,658,221	59,886	0.90%	71.78	Europe	Global North
Libya	323,930	4,427	1.40%	65.32	Middle east	Global South
Malaysia	1,979,698	20,711	1.00%	64.82	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Azerbaijan	455,044	6,031	1.30%	60.17	Asia & Pacific	Global North
Fiji	48,986	535	1.10%	60.12	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Jamaica	75,857	1,731	2.30%	58.71	South/Latin America	Global South
Cape Verde	36,588	320	0.90%	58.19	Africa	Global South
Kuwait	410,784	2,431	0.60%	57.78	Middle east	Global South
Cuba	745,202	6,299	0.80%	55.58	South/Latin America	Global South
Iraq	1,950,765	21,496	1.10%	54.68	Middle east	Global South
Sri Lanka	485,922	11,296	2.30%	51.81	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Indonesia	4,167,511	138,889	3.30%	51.32	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Antigua and Barbuda	2,166	48	2.20%	49.42	South/Latin America	Global South
El Salvador	98,122	3,022	3.10%	46.83	South/Latin America	Global South
Denmark	353,803	2,613	0.70%	44.91	Europe	Global North
Cyprus	116,209	528	0.50%	44.05	Europe	Global North
Maldives	82,822	227	0.30%	42.75	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Belarus	503,073	3,917	0.80%	41.38	Europe	Global North
Kyrgyzstan	177,158	2,572	1.50%	39.83	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Nepal	777,163	10,949	1.40%	38.27	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Dominican Republic	353,303	4,014	1.10%	37.38	South/Latin America	Global South
Morocco	904,647	13,546	1.50%	37.14	Arab States	Global South
Philippines	2,227,367	35,145	1.60%	32.51	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Mongolia	257,770	1,046	0.40%	32.43	Asia & Pacific	Global South
India	33,264,175	442,874	1.30%	32.41	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Zimbabwe	126,269	4,538	3.60%	30.99	Africa	Global South
Myanmar	431,833	16,530	3.80%	30.59	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Saudi Arabia	545,829	8,610	1.60%	25.13	Middle east	Global South
Grenada	2,345	24	1.00%	21.43	South/Latin America	Global South
Qatar	234,642	604	0.30%	21.33	Middle east	Global South
United Arab Emirates	728,886	2,062	0.30%	21.1	Middle east	Global South
Thailand	1,382,173	14,353	1.00%	20.61	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Zambia	207,938	3,631	1.70%	20.33	Africa	Global South
Finland	133,638	1,047	0.80%	18.97	Europe	Global North
Lesotho	14,395	403	2.80%	18.96	Africa	Global South
Afghanistan	153,962	7,164	4.70%	18.83	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Sao Tome and Principe	2,816	39	1.40%	18.13	Africa	Global South
Barbados	5,906	52	0.90%	18.12	South/Latin America	Global South
Comoros	4,097	147	3.60%	17.28	Arab States	Global South
Egypt	292,957	16,871	5.80%	16.81	Middle east	Global South
Mauritania	34,878	754	2.20%	16.66	Arab States	Global South
Bangladesh	1,530,413	26,931	1.80%	16.52	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Djibouti	11,860	157	1.30%	16.13	Arab States	Global South
Vietnam	613,375	15,279	2.50%	15.84	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Norway	176,142	827	0.50%	15.46	Europe	Global North
Venezuela	346,755	4,192	1.20%	14.7	South/Latin America	Global South
Gambia	9,848	328	3.30%	13.97	Africa	Global South
Japan	1,641,963	16,814	1.00%	13.32	Europe	Global North
Saint Kitts and Nevis	1,464	7	0.50%	13.25	South/Latin America	Global South
Algeria	200,068	5,578	2.80%	12.96	Arab States	Global South
Cambodia	99,504	2,040	2.10%	12.37	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Pakistan	1,207,508	26,787	2.20%	12.37	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Syria	29,498	2,077	7.00%	12.17	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Malawi	61,113	2,238	3.70%	12.01	Africa	Global South
Senegal	73,478	1,831	2.50%	11.24	Africa	Global South
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	2,446	12	0.50%	10.85	South/Latin America	Global South
Equatorial Guinea	10,498	131	1.20%	9.66	Africa	Global South
Kenya	243,725	4,906	2.00%	9.33	Africa	Global South
Rwanda	92,620	1,172	1.30%	9.28	Africa	Global South
Iceland	11,247	33	0.30%	9.13	Europe	Global North
Dominica	2,280	6	0.30%	8.36	South/Latin America	Global South
Gabon	26,638	170	0.60%	7.82	Africa	Global South
East Timor	18,515	95	0.50%	7.35	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Uganda	121,510	3,095	2.50%	6.99	Africa	Global South
Sudan	37,931	2,837	7.50%	6.63	Arab States	Global South
Somalia	18,373	1,023	5.60%	6.62	Arab States	Global South
Guinea-Bissau	6,022	125	2.10%	6.51	Africa	Global South
Mozambique	149,207	1,892	1.30%	6.23	Africa	Global South
Yemen	8,414	1,584	18.80%	5.43	Middle east	Global South
Cameroon	84,210	1,357	1.60%	5.24	Africa	Global South
Haiti	21,162	588	2.80%	5.22	South/Latin America	Global South
Liberia	5,727	245	4.30%	4.96	Africa	Global South
Brunei	4,163	21	0.50%	4.85	Asia & Pacific	Global South
South Korea	274,415	2,360	0.90%	4.56	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Ethiopia	323,104	4,929	1.50%	4.4	Africa	Global South
Australia	75,323	1,098	1.50%	4.33	Asia & Pacific	Global North
Angola	50,446	1,339	2.70%	4.21	Africa	Global South
Ghana	123,521	1,096	0.90%	3.6	Africa	Global South
Madagascar	42,894	958	2.20%	3.55	Africa	Global South
Taiwan	16,088	839	5.20%	3.53	Asia & Pacific	Global North
Uzbekistan	164,364	1,153	0.70%	3.43	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Congo	13,701	183	1.30%	3.4	Africa	Global South
Mauritius	13,114	42	0.30%	3.32	Africa	Global South
Nicaragua	12,350	201	1.60%	3.07	South/Latin America	Global South
Guinea	30,029	367	1.20%	2.87	Africa	Global South
Mali	14,983	543	3.60%	2.76	Africa	Global South
Togo	23,618	205	0.90%	2.54	Africa	Global South
Papua New Guinea	18,381	196	1.10%	2.23	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Central African Republic	11,309	100	0.90%	2.11	Africa	Global South
Ivory Coast	58,009	515	0.90%	2	Africa	Global South
Sierra Leone	6,385	121	1.90%	1.55	Africa	Global South
Tajikistan	17,442	125	0.70%	1.34	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Nigeria	199,151	2,598	1.30%	1.29	Africa	Global South
DR Congo	56,096	1,068	1.90%	1.23	Africa	Global South
Benin	19,841	141	0.70%	1.19	Africa	Global South
Chad	5,016	174	3.50%	1.09	Africa	Global South
South Sudan	11,610	120	1.00%	1.08	Africa	Global South
Singapore	71,687	58	0.10%	1.02	Asia & Pacific	Global North
Niger	5,919	199	3.40%	0.85	Africa	Global South
Burkina Faso	13,942	171	1.20%	0.84	Africa	Global South
New Zealand	3,950	27	0.70%	0.55	Asia & Pacific	Global North
Bhutan	2,596	3	0.10%	0.39	Asia & Pacific	Global South
China	107,456	4,848	4.50%	0.35	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Burundi	14,047	38	0.30%	0.33	Africa	Global South
Laos	17,357	16	0.10%	0.22	Asia & Pacific	Global South
Tanzania	1,367	50	3.70%	0.09	Africa	Global South
Eritrea	6,655	40	0.60%		Africa	Global South
Aland Islands	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
American Samoa	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Anguilla	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Antarctica	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Aruba	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Bermuda	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Bouvet Island	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
British Indian Ocean Territory	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Cayman Islands	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Christmas Island	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Cocos (Keeling) Islands	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Congo, The Democratic Republic of the	no data	no data	no data		Africa	Global South
Cook Islands	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Cote D'Ivoire	58,009	515	0.90%	2	Africa	Global South
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Faroe Islands	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
France, Metropolitan	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
French Guiana	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
French Polynesia	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
French Southern Territories	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Gibraltar	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
Greenland	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
Guam	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Guatemala	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Guernsey	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
Heard Island and McDonald Islands	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Holy See (Vatican City State)	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
Hong Kong	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Isle of Man	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
Jersey	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global North
Kiribati	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Korea, Democratic People's Republic of	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Korea, Republic of	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global North
Macau	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Macedonia	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
Marshall Islands	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Martinique	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Mayotte	no data	no data	no data		Africa	Global South
Micronesia, Federated States of	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Montserrat	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Nauru	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Netherlands Antilles	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
New Caledonia	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Niue	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Norfolk Island	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Northern Mariana Islands	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Palau	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Pitcairn Islands	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Puerto Rico	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Reunion	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Saint Barthelemy	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Saint Helena	no data	no data	no data		Africa	Global South
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	no data	no data	no data		North America	Global North
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Samoa	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
San Marino	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
Solomon Islands	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Svalbard and Jan Mayen	no data	no data	no data		Europe	Global North
Swaziland	no data	no data	no data		Africa	Global South
Timor-Leste	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Tokelau	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Tonga	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Turkmenistan	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Turks and Caicos Islands	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Tuvalu	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
United States Minor Outlying Islands	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Vanuatu	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Virgin Islands, British	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Virgin Islands, U.S.	no data	no data	no data		South/Latin America	Global South
Wallis and Futuna	no data	no data	no data		Asia & Pacific	Global South
Western Sahara	no data	no data	no data		Africa	Global South

The following is a picture of the city of Lima in Peru. [1] The image shows that the possibility of the massive COVID-19 deaths in Peru may be associated with the heavy emphasis on indoor spaces. It is unclear if the HVAC systems share the air flow with different occupants in the various buildings.

Back To International Perspective

.

Monthly By Country

The following table shows the cumulative COVID-19 deaths on Jan 11, and first day of the other months for 2020. [1]

1. This table suggests that the virus started in China. However, it is possible that it was first detected in China much like the 1918 Spanish Flu was detected in Spain.
2. If the virus was not detected by other countries early in the outbreak, then an approach to determine the source of the virus is to go out a few months and examine the numbers.
3. If the data for May and June is examined, new countries surface as the possible source of the virus and they are: USA, Brazil, UK, Italy, France, and Spain.

[spreadsheet-international]

2020	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
World	1	259	2,977	40,598	224,172	371,166	508,055	675,060	848,445	1,010,639	1,192,911	1,465,144
Days to double	6	4	16	8	18	37	56	70	80	94	101	110
Countries and territories	1	1	8	125	175	185	186	192	191	193	193	193
USA	0	0	0	2,850	55,337	102,640	126,573	151,265	182,162	204,642	228,185	264,808
Brazil	0	0	0	159	5,466	28,834	58,314	91,263	120,828	142,921	159,477	172,833
India	0	0	0	38	1,147	5,394	17,400	36,511	65,288	98,678	122,111	137,621
Mexico	0	0	0	28	1,732	9,779	27,121	46,000	64,158	77,163	91,289	105,655
UK	0	0	0	1,789	26,771	38,489	43,730	46,119	41,501	42,143	46,555	58,448
Italy	0	0	29	12,430	27,967	33,415	34,767	35,141	35,483	35,894	38,618	56,361
France	0	0	2	3,514	24,342	28,746	29,760	30,147	30,494	31,746	36,473	53,506
Iran	0	0	43	2,898	6,028	7,797	10,817	16,766	21,571	26,169	34,864	48,246
Spain	0	0	0	8,189	24,543	29,045	28,355	28,445	29,141	31,791	35,878	45,069
Russia	0	0	0	17	1,169	4,855	9,536	14,058	17,299	20,891	28,235	40,464
Argentina	0	0	0	24	215	530	1,283	3,466	8,498	16,519	30,792	38,473
Colombia	0	0	0	14	278	890	3,223	9,810	19,364	25,828	31,135	36,584
Peru	0	0	0	24	943	4,371	9,504	19,021	28,788	32,396	34,411	35,923
South Africa	0	0	0	5	103	683	2,657	8,005	14,149	16,734	19,276	21,535
Poland	0	0	0	33	644	1,064	1,463	1,716	2,039	2,513	5,631	17,150
Indonesia	0	0	0	136	792	1,613	2,876	5,131	7,417	10,740	13,869	16,945
Belgium	0	0	0	705	7,594	9,467	9,754	9,841	9,897	10,020	11,734	16,645
Germany	0	0	0	732	6,288	8,511	8,985	9,148	9,302	9,500	10,481	16,636
Chile	0	0	0	12	227	1,054	5,688	9,457	11,289	12,741	14,207	15,410
Turkey	0	0	0	214	3,174	4,540	5,131	5,691	6,370	8,195	10,252	13,746
Ecuador	0	0	0	75	900	3,358	4,527	5,702	6,556	11,355	12,670	13,461
Ukraine	0	0	0	17	272	718	1,173	1,709	2,605	4,193	7,306	12,548
Iraq	0	0	0	50	93	205	1,943	4,741	7,042	9,181	10,910	12,258
Canada	0	0	0	89	3,082	7,092	8,566	8,929	9,117	9,291	10,110	12,032
Romania	0	0	0	69	717	1,262	1,651	2,343	3,621	4,825	6,968	11,331
Netherlands	0	0	0	1,039	4,795	5,956	6,113	6,147	6,215	6,397	7,385	9,363
Bolivia	0	0	0	6	59	310	1,071	2,894	4,966	7,931	8,715	8,952
Philippines	0	0	1	88	568	957	1,266	2,023	3,558	5,504	7,221	8,392
Czechia	0	0	0	31	236	320	349	382	424	655	3,251	8,295
Pakistan	0	0	0	26	385	1,543	4,395	5,951	6,298	6,479	6,806	8,025
Sweden	0	0	0	180	2,586	4,395	5,333	5,743	5,820	5,893	5,938	6,681
Egypt	0	0	0	46	392	959	2,953	4,805	5,421	5,914	6,266	6,650
Bangladesh	0	0	0	6	168	650	1,847	3,111	4,281	5,251	5,923	6,644
Saudi Arabia	0	0	0	10	162	503	1,649	2,866	3,897	4,768	5,402	5,896
Morocco	0	0	0	36	170	205	228	353	1,141	2,152	3,695	5,846
Hungary	0	0	0	16	323	526	585	596	615	781	1,819	4,977
China	1	259	2,873	3,321	4,643	4,645	4,648	4,668	4,730	4,746	4,746	4,750
Portugal	0	0	0	160	989	1,410	1,576	1,735	1,822	1,971	2,507	4,505
Switzerland	0	0	0	373	1,422	1,656	1,683	1,703	1,725	1,782	2,035	4,430
Guatemala	0	0	0	1	16	102	746	1,924	2,760	3,246	3,729	4,171
Bulgaria	0	0	0	8	66	140	230	383	629	825	1,279	4,035
Tunisia	0	0	0	10	41	48	50	50	77	246	1,317	3,260
Panama	0	0	0	24	178	330	620	1,397	1,995	2,364	2,688	3,060
Austria	0	0	0	128	584	668	705	718	733	799	1,097	2,983
Honduras	0	0	0	2	71	201	485	1,312	1,858	2,323	2,669	2,909
Israel	0	0	0	21	223	285	319	493	961	1,543	2,517	2,864
Jordan	0	0	0	5	8	9	9	11	15	61	829	2,751
Bosnia and Herzegovina	0	0	0	12	68	152	185	324	603	849	1,234	2,681
Kazakhstan	0	0	0	2	25	41	188	793	1,878	2,075	2,251	2,477
Algeria	0	0	0	35	450	653	912	1,210	1,510	1,736	1,956	2,431
Greece	0	0	0	49	140	175	192	206	266	391	626	2,406
Dominican Republic	0	0	0	51	301	502	747	1,160	1,710	2,105	2,245	2,331
Moldova	0	0	0	3	119	295	547	778	995	1,320	1,785	2,304
Armenia	0	0	0	3	33	139	453	749	881	963	1,363	2,193
Japan	0	0	5	57	432	892	974	1,011	1,296	1,571	1,766	2,139
Ireland	0	0	0	71	1,232	1,652	1,736	1,763	1,777	1,804	1,913	2,053
Myanmar	0	0	0	1	6	6	6	6	6	310	1,237	1,918
Croatia	0	0	0	6	69	103	107	145	186	280	546	1,786
Afghanistan	0	0	0	4	64	265	774	1,283	1,406	1,458	1,536	1,774
North Macedonia	0	0	0	9	77	133	302	486	603	739	994	1,763
Paraguay	0	0	0	3	9	11	17	47	308	841	1,387	1,743
Ethiopia	0	0	0	0	3	11	103	274	809	1,198	1,469	1,706
Costa Rica	0	0	0	2	6	10	15	140	418	880	1,371	1,690
Serbia	0	0	0	13	179	243	277	573	713	749	820	1,604
Nepal	0	0	0	0	0	8	29	56	228	498	937	1,508
Kenya	0	0	0	1	17	64	148	341	577	711	996	1,469
Oman	0	0	0	1	11	49	176	421	685	935	1,208	1,423
Azerbaijan	0	0	0	5	24	63	213	448	534	591	730	1,392
Georgia	0	0	0	0	6	12	15	17	19	40	335	1,303
Kyrgyzstan	0	0	0	0	8	16	62	1,397	1,060	1,065	1,150	1,275
Sudan	0	0	0	2	31	286	572	746	823	836	837	1,249
Libya	0	0	0	0	3	5	24	74	237	551	857	1,183
Nigeria	0	0	0	1	58	287	590	879	1,013	1,112	1,144	1,173
Belarus	0	0	0	0	89	235	392	559	681	833	985	1,158
El Salvador	0	0	0	0	9	46	174	448	717	843	975	1,114
Puerto Rico	0	0	0	8	54	136	153	219	434	661	822	1,106
Lebanon	0	0	0	12	24	27	34	59	167	361	637	1,018
Kosovo	0	0	0	1	22	30	41	217	515	615	671	1,006
Slovenia	0	0	0	13	91	108	111	117	128	138	231	948
Australia	0	0	0	20	92	103	104	196	652	886	907	908
Venezuela	0	0	0	3	10	14	48	158	381	621	793	894
Kuwait	0	0	0	0	26	212	354	447	531	610	779	880
Slovakia	0	0	0	0	23	28	28	29	33	48	219	839
Denmark	0	0	0	90	452	574	605	615	624	650	721	837
Palestine	0	0	0	1	2	5	11	85	173	368	555	822
Albania	0	0	0	13	31	33	65	157	284	387	509	810
Uzbekistan	0	0	0	2	9	15	26	143	322	471	568	610
Yemen	0	0	0	0	2	81	313	494	567	588	600	606
UAE	0	0	0	6	105	264	315	351	384	416	495	572
South Korea	0	0	18	165	248	271	282	301	324	415	466	526
Lithuania	0	0	0	7	45	70	78	80	86	92	165	519
Montenegro	0	0	0	2	7	9	12	49	100	170	313	499
Cameroon	0	0	0	6	61	191	313	391	414	418	426	441
Syria	0	0	0	2	3	5	9	43	112	197	288	417
Finland	0	0	0	17	211	320	328	329	335	344	358	399
Malaysia	0	0	0	43	102	115	121	125	127	136	249	360
Zambia	0	0	0	0	3	7	24	151	288	332	349	357
Angola	0	0	0	2	2	4	13	51	108	183	284	348
Bahrain	0	0	0	4	8	19	87	148	190	246	321	341
DRC	0	0	0	8	31	71	169	214	258	272	307	333
Senegal	0	0	0	0	9	42	112	205	284	311	324	333
Norway	0	0	0	28	204	236	250	255	264	274	282	332
Ghana	0	0	0	5	17	36	112	182	276	301	320	323
Luxembourg	0	0	0	23	90	110	110	114	124	124	157	312
Zimbabwe	0	0	0	1	4	4	7	67	202	228	243	277
Jamaica	0	0	0	1	7	9	10	10	21	107	206	257
Madagascar	0	0	0	0	0	6	20	106	192	230	244	251
Qatar	0	0	0	2	10	38	113	174	197	214	232	237
Haiti	0	0	0	0	7	41	105	161	201	229	232	233
Latvia	0	0	0	0	15	24	30	32	34	37	71	206
Uganda	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	32	75	111	205
Malawi	0	0	0	0	3	4	16	114	175	179	184	185
Mauritania	0	0	0	0	1	23	128	157	159	161	163	172
Bahamas	0	0	0	0	11	11	11	14	43	95	142	163
Nicaragua	0	0	0	1	4	35	74	116	137	151	156	160
Mali	0	0	0	0	26	77	116	124	126	131	136	152
Namibia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	10	75	121	133	152
Guyana	0	0	0	2	8	12	12	20	37	78	124	150
Guadeloupe	0	0	0	5	12	14	14	14	16	57	139	149
Belize	0	0	0	0	2	2	2	2	13	26	58	147
Malta	0	0	0	0	4	7	9	9	12	34	62	137
Cuba	0	0	0	6	61	83	86	87	94	122	128	135
Cote d'Ivoire	0	0	0	0	14	33	66	102	115	120	124	132
Mozambique	0	0	0	0	0	2	6	11	23	61	92	131
Gambia	0	0	0	1	1	1	2	9	96	112	119	123
Eswatini	0	0	0	0	1	2	11	40	91	109	117	122
Trinidad and Tobago	0	0	0	3	8	8	8	8	22	75	107	120
Estonia	0	0	0	4	52	68	69	69	64	64	73	118
Suriname	0	0	0	0	1	1	13	26	67	104	111	117
Sri Lanka	0	0	0	2	7	10	11	11	12	13	20	116
Somalia	0	0	0	0	28	78	90	93	98	99	104	113
Guam	0	0	0	2	5	5	5	5	10	49	79	112
Cabo Verde	0	0	0	1	1	4	15	23	40	60	95	104
Chad	0	0	0	0	3	65	74	75	77	85	98	101
Congo	0	0	0	0	9	20	41	56	78	89	92	94
Tajikistan	0	0	0	0	0	47	52	60	68	76	82	86
Equatorial Guinea	0	0	0	0	2	12	12	83	83	83	83	85
Liberia	0	0	0	0	16	27	36	75	82	82	82	83
Andorra	0	0	0	12	42	51	52	66	53	53	75	76
Uruguay	0	0	0	1	15	22	27	35	44	48	58	76
Guinea	0	0	0	0	7	23	33	46	59	66	72	76
French Polynesia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	7	29	75
Sierra Leone	0	0	0	0	7	46	60	67	70	72	74	74
Niger	0	0	0	3	32	64	67	69	69	69	69	72
French Guiana	0	0	0	0	1	1	15	43	59	66	70	70
Burkina Faso	0	0	0	14	43	53	53	53	55	57	67	68
Togo	0	0	0	1	9	13	14	18	27	48	55	64
Central African Republic	0	0	0	0	0	2	47	59	62	62	62	63
Djibouti	0	0	0	0	2	24	54	58	60	61	61	61
South Sudan	0	0	0	0	0	10	38	46	47	49	59	61
Thailand	0	0	0	12	54	57	58	58	58	59	59	60
Gabon	0	0	0	1	3	17	42	49	53	54	55	59
Cyprus	0	0	0	8	20	17	19	19	21	22	26	49
Mayotte	0	0	0	0	4	23	35	39	40	42	44	49
Rwanda	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	5	16	29	35	49
San Marino	0	0	0	26	41	42	42	42	42	42	42	46
Maldives	0	0	0	0	0	5	8	16	28	34	38	46
Aruba	0	0	0	0	2	3	3	3	10	26	37	45
Lesotho	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	13	31	36	43	44
Benin	0	0	0	0	2	3	21	36	40	41	41	43
Guinea-Bissau	0	0	0	0	1	8	24	27	33	39	41	43
Martinique	0	0	0	2	14	14	14	15	16	21	31	40
Reunion	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	4	5	16	22	40
Vietnam	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	34	35	35	35
Jersey	0	0	0	2	20	29	31	31	32	32	32	32
Botswana	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	2	6	16	24	31
Singapore	0	0	0	3	15	23	26	27	27	27	28	29
Iceland	0	0	0	2	10	10	10	10	10	10	12	26
New Zealand	0	0	0	1	19	22	22	22	22	25	25	25
Isle of Man	0	0	0	0	22	24	24	24	24	24	24	25
Sint Maarten	0	0	0	0	13	15	15	15	17	22	22	25
US Virgin Islands	0	0	0	0	4	6	6	8	14	20	21	23
Tanzania	0	0	0	1	17	21	21	21	21	21	21	21
Sao Tome and Principe	0	0	0	0	1	10	11	15	15	15	16	17
Liechtenstein	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	3	15
Other	0	0	6	7	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13
Guernsey	0	0	0	1	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13
Saint Martin	0	0	0	2	3	3	3	3	5	8	9	12
Mauritius	0	0	0	5	10	10	10	10	10	10	10	10
Bermuda	0	0	0	0	6	9	9	9	9	9	9	9
Barbados	0	0	0	0	7	7	7	7	7	7	7	7
Comoros	0	0	0	0	0	2	7	7	7	7	7	7
Papua New Guinea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2	5	7	7	7
Turks and Caicos	0	0	0	0	1	1	2	2	3	6	6	6
Gibraltar	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	5
Curacao	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	4
Antigua and Barbuda	0	0	0	0	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	4
Brunei	0	0	0	1	1	2	3	3	3	3	3	3
Monaco	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	3
Caribbean Netherlands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	3	3
Cayman Islands	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2
Northern Mariana Islands	0	0	0	0	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Fiji	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	1	2	2	2	2
Saint Lucia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	2
British Virgin Islands	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Burundi	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Montserrat	0	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1

The following table shows the cumulative COVID-19 deaths at the start of each month as of September 2021 [1].

1. The numbers for the most part have all gone up significantly between January and September 2021.
2. An interesting item of note is the counties with very low initial numbers have similar increases suggesting that they are reporting the true numbers.
3. This is important because those countries have some type of characteristic that makes them more protected from the virus.
4. This study in 2020 saw a similar observation and suggested that the people tend to live more in outdoor settings.

[spreadsheet-international]

2021	Jan 1	Feb 1	Mar 1	Apr 1	May 1	Jun 1	Jul 1	Aug 1	Sep 1
World	1,886,819	2,309,320	2,620,732	2,912,010	3,287,858	3,668,860	3,947,516	4,220,696	4,518,351
United States of America	349,124	446,519	515,214	548,942	570,025	588,756	599,412	608,111	634,415
Brazil	193,875	223,945	254,221	317,646	401,186	461,931	515,985	555,460	579,574
India	148,994	154,392	157,157	162,927	211,853	331,895	399,459	424,351	439,020
Mexico	124,897	158,074	185,257	202,633	216,447	223,507	232,803	240,456	258,491
Peru	93,192	103,396	121,940	142,864	166,382	183,879	192,331	196,291	198,263
Russian Federation	57,555	73,619	86,455	99,233	110,520	121,873	135,886	159,352	184,014
Indonesia	22,329	30,277	36,325	41,054	45,652	50,723	58,995	95,723	133,676
United Kingdom	73,512	106,158	122,849	126,713	127,517	127,782	128,140	129,654	132,535
Italy	74,159	88,516	97,699	109,346	120,807	126,128	127,566	128,063	129,221
Colombia	42,909	53,650	59,660	63,255	73,230	88,282	105,934	120,432	124,883
France	64,254	75,661	85,986	95,062	103,830	108,713	110,162	110,819	112,772
Argentina	43,163	47,931	51,965	55,736	63,508	77,456	93,668	105,586	111,607
Iran (Islamic Republic of)	55,223	57,959	60,073	62,665	71,758	80,156	84,264	90,630	107,794
Germany	33,624	57,120	70,105	76,543	83,082	88,595	90,938	91,659	92,223
Spain	54,116	65,359	74,315	77,324	79,537	80,890	81,486	82,342	84,810
South Africa	28,469	44,164	49,993	52,846	54,350	56,506	60,647	72,013	82,261
Poland	28,956	37,222	43,793	53,665	67,924	73,856	75,044	75,261	75,358
Turkey	20,881	25,993	28,569	31,537	40,131	47,527	49,732	51,332	56,710
Ukraine	18,680	22,768	26,050	33,246	44,436	50,699	52,391	52,951	53,833
Chile	16,608	18,452	20,572	23,135	26,353	29,300	32,545	35,448	36,937
Romania	18,120	21,031	23,245	27,198	31,923	33,933	34,262	34,330	34,633
Philippines	9,244	10,749	12,318	13,297	17,234	20,966	24,662	27,889	33,448
Ecuador	14,034	14,859	15,811	16,847	18,631	20,572	21,560	31,631	32,244
Czechia	12,001	16,847	21,005	27,069	29,634	30,292	30,366	30,380	30,407
Hungary	9,667	12,578	15,058	20,995	27,701	29,762	29,992	30,026	30,059
Canada	15,472	19,942	21,960	22,926	24,169	25,512	26,273	26,592	26,918
Bangladesh	7,576	8,137	8,416	9,105	11,510	12,660	14,646	20,916	26,274
Pakistan	10,105	11,657	12,860	14,434	17,811	20,779	22,281	23,360	25,788
Belgium	19,720	21,282	22,253	23,066	24,270	24,978	25,179	25,249	25,386
Tunisia	4,676	6,754	8,001	8,812	10,722	12,654	14,959	19,858	23,538
Iraq	12,813	13,047	13,406	14,323	15,465	16,375	17,186	18,657	20,830
Bulgaria	7,576	9,045	10,191	13,197	16,399	17,700	18,061	18,213	18,896
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)	9,149	10,330	11,628	12,239	12,951	14,471	16,702	17,806	18,429
Netherlands	11,405	13,981	15,556	16,533	17,145	17,623	17,744	17,826	18,010
Portugal	6,906	12,482	16,317	16,848	16,974	17,025	17,096	17,361	17,743
Egypt	7,631	9,316	10,688	11,995	13,339	15,096	16,169	16,524	16,736
Malaysia	471	760	1,130	1,272	1,506	2,796	5,170	9,024	16,664
Japan	3,460	5,722	7,887	9,162	10,229	13,048	14,781	15,192	16,041
Paraguay	2,242	2,704	3,167	4,161	6,302	9,083	12,763	14,929	15,742
Myanmar	2,697	3,138	3,199	3,206	3,209	3,217	3,347	9,731	15,490
Sweden	9,748	12,230	13,034	13,617	14,196	14,566	14,655	14,670	14,696
Kazakhstan	2,749	3,126	3,389	5,912	6,561	7,321	7,759	9,077	13,732
Greece	4,838	5,872	6,580	8,169	10,457	12,171	12,763	13,016	13,698
Morocco	7,388	8,275	8,623	8,818	9,023	9,147	9,296	9,785	12,649
Slovakia	2,138	4,642	7,288	9,790	11,732	12,353	12,511	12,540	12,548
Guatemala	4,813	5,643	6,393	6,840	7,524	8,165	9,215	10,339	11,926
Thailand	63	77	83	94	224	1,069	2,080	4,990	11,841
Viet Nam	35	35	35	35	35	47	87	1,306	11,064
Nepal	2,767	2,962	3,010	3,031	3,298	7,454	9,145	9,875	10,770
Austria	6,356	7,818	8,531	9,256	10,066	10,418	10,499	10,518	10,570
Switzerland	7,589	9,164	9,602	9,892	10,143	10,287	10,345	10,366	10,463
Jordan	3,834	4,316	4,701	6,858	8,836	9,462	9,750	10,032	10,411
Bosnia and Herzegovina	4,072	4,705	5,096	6,581	8,533	9,235	9,647	9,689	9,803
Sri Lanka	204	323	476	571	687	1,527	3,063	4,451	9,400
Honduras	3,130	3,592	4,141	4,599	5,261	6,316	6,980	7,834	8,850
Saudi Arabia	6,223	6,375	6,494	6,669	6,957	7,362	7,819	8,237	8,545
Croatia	3,961	5,054	5,537	5,967	7,130	8,026	8,209	8,263	8,338
Lebanon	1,455	3,082	4,692	6,234	7,278	7,729	7,851	7,906	8,053
Georgia	2,528	3,194	3,520	3,785	4,130	4,804	5,327	5,853	7,482
Serbia	3,211	4,020	4,443	5,308	6,362	6,865	7,047	7,114	7,292
Afghanistan	2,201	2,404	2,444	2,489	2,631	2,973	4,962	6,737	7,123
Israel	3,372	4,816	5,760	6,211	6,380	6,413	6,421	6,473	7,079
Panama	3,975	5,244	5,831	6,109	6,227	6,370	6,536	6,808	7,054
Republic of Moldova	2,985	3,438	3,949	4,960	5,812	6,107	6,194	6,255	6,401
Uruguay	174	431	603	953	2,563	4,213	5,558	5,959	6,029
North Macedonia	2,503	2,855	3,137	3,781	4,855	5,413	5,484	5,493	5,938
China	4,789	4,825	4,844	4,851	4,857	4,970	5,495	5,635	5,683
Azerbaijan	2,609	3,126	3,218	3,567	4,517	4,913	4,974	5,023	5,636
Costa Rica	2,171	2,612	2,803	2,957	3,217	4,022	4,661	5,030	5,492
Cuba	146	214	322	424	644	958	1,284	2,758	5,303
Algeria	2,756	2,891	2,983	3,093	3,253	3,472	3,716	4,254	5,269
Ireland	2,167	3,249	4,294	4,670	4,894	4,941	4,998	5,035	5,092
Armenia	2,828	3,084	3,195	3,533	4,128	4,445	4,517	4,619	4,857
Slovenia	2,981	3,833	4,158	4,377	4,589	4,704	4,753	4,763	4,783
Kenya	1,670	1,763	1,856	2,153	2,724	3,172	3,634	3,931	4,726
Ethiopia	1,923	2,093	2,365	2,865	3,688	4,165	4,320	4,385	4,675
Lithuania	1,843	2,840	3,253	3,583	3,937	4,276	4,384	4,416	4,569
Zimbabwe	363	1,217	1,463	1,523	1,567	1,596	1,789	3,532	4,419
Libya	1,478	1,877	2,179	2,667	3,029	3,126	3,193	3,509	4,247
Oman	1,499	1,529	1,570	1,678	2,010	2,345	3,100	3,836	4,064
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)	1,025	1,183	1,338	1,589	2,117	2,629	3,101	3,576	4,010
Dominican Republic	2,414	2,666	3,100	3,325	3,480	3,628	3,822	3,963	4,008
occupied Palestinian territory, including east Jerusalem	1,529	2,012	2,259	2,881	3,517	3,765	3,831	3,872	3,948
Belarus	1,424	1,718	1,976	2,247	2,542	2,851	3,143	3,454	3,780
Zambia	388	763	1,091	1,208	1,251	1,281	2,199	3,389	3,602
Namibia	205	352	424	523	643	830	1,521	3,044	3,244
Uganda	251	324	334	335	343	362	1,023	2,690	3,012
El Salvador	1,336	1,623	1,854	2,010	2,124	2,249	2,381	2,629	2,918
Puerto Rico	1,503	1,829	2,036	2,113	2,303	2,502	2,549	2,580	2,860
Sudan	1,576	1,812	1,890	2,087	2,361	2,631	2,760	2,780	2,791
Denmark	1,298	2,125	2,361	2,419	2,485	2,516	2,534	2,549	2,584
Latvia	644	1,202	1,621	1,913	2,139	2,379	2,520	2,556	2,579
Kyrgyzstan	1,356	1,412	1,466	1,500	1,612	1,815	2,009	2,335	2,532
Albania	1,181	1,380	1,796	2,235	2,394	2,451	2,456	2,457	2,498
Kosovo	1,325	1,488	1,589	1,862	2,163	2,233	2,248	2,256	2,494
Nigeria	1,289	1,586	1,907	2,057	2,063	2,099	2,120	2,149	2,455
Kuwait	934	959	1,083	1,313	1,563	1,772	1,969	2,320	2,419
South Korea	917	1,425	1,605	1,735	1,831	1,963	2,021	2,098	2,292
Botswana	40	134	310	568	712	849	1,125	1,569	2,261
Malawi	189	702	1,040	1,117	1,148	1,155	1,196	1,635	2,177
United Arab Emirates	669	850	1,221	1,497	1,587	1,680	1,811	1,949	2,041
Syrian Arab Republic	711	921	1,027	1,265	1,592	1,770	1,876	1,914	2,013
Cambodia	0	0	0	14	96	220	602	1,397	1,903
Mozambique	166	367	641	775	814	836	878	1,434	1,864
Senegal	410	628	872	1,051	1,107	1,139	1,166	1,353	1,765
Montenegro	681	802	999	1,266	1,492	1,583	1,610	1,629	1,720
Jamaica	302	350	422	596	778	948	1,075	1,190	1,518
Yemen	611	616	635	889	1,227	1,321	1,361	1,375	1,472
Bahrain	352	375	449	521	646	980	1,352	1,384	1,388
Cameroon	448	462	551	779	1,064	1,275	1,324	1,334	1,357
Estonia	234	422	598	908	1,166	1,258	1,269	1,272	1,293
Trinidad and Tobago	126	134	139	142	165	479	833	1,070	1,285
Angola	405	466	508	537	596	766	900	1,011	1,217
Eswatini	206	565	652	667	671	673	678	787	1,101
Uzbekistan	614	621	622	630	650	690	740	880	1,088
Rwanda	92	196	261	307	335	353	427	808	1,083
Democratic Republic of the Congo	591	671	707	743	766	782	924	1,038	1,059
Finland	597	702	784	881	932	970	979	999	1,038
Ghana	335	416	607	743	779	785	796	823	1,036
Australia	909	909	909	909	910	910	910	923	1,006
Somalia	130	130	239	529	713	769	775	811	977
Madagascar	261	281	297	409	643	839	909	947	956
Mongolia	0	2	2	8	110	276	563	820	931
Luxembourg	498	580	638	746	796	815	818	822	830
Norway	433	563	622	660	753	783	792	799	814
Suriname	121	154	170	177	201	292	516	645	718
Mauritania	324	418	439	449	455	463	489	562	715
Guyana	164	176	195	231	295	385	468	535	613
Qatar	245	248	258	291	458	556	590	601	602
Haiti	236	245	250	251	254	321	443	558	586
Mali	269	330	353	385	484	517	525	532	539
Guadeloupe	155	157	164	173	211	255	267	283	508
Cyprus	125	199	231	256	312	360	374	421	503
Fiji	2	2	2	2	2	4	21	239	496
Martinique	43	44	45	50	70	95	98	129	460
Cote d'Ivoire	137	154	192	244	286	305	313	329	441
Malta	225	270	315	394	415	419	420	423	441
French Polynesia	114	131	139	141	141	142	142	149	423
Lesotho	50	160	292	315	316	326	329	374	403
Bahamas	170	176	180	188	199	230	246	287	381
Belize	242	301	314	317	323	324	329	337	359
Reunion	42	46	52	115	148	189	237	275	342
Guinea	81	82	89	125	144	161	171	220	335
Gambia	124	128	150	164	174	179	181	213	319
Cabo Verde	113	134	147	168	217	264	286	298	311
Liberia	83	84	85	85	85	86	128	148	245
Maldives	48	52	62	67	73	169	213	221	226
French Guiana	71	76	85	93	100	116	145	187	219
Nicaragua	165	169	173	178	182	186	191	195	200
Niger	102	159	172	187	191	192	193	195	199
Papua New Guinea	9	9	13	60	115	162	174	192	192
Togo	68	77	84	109	123	125	129	152	185
Congo	100	117	128	135	144	153	166	178	183
Mayotte	55	61	110	161	170	173	174	174	175
Chad	104	118	140	164	170	173	174	174	174
Burkina Faso	85	120	142	146	157	166	168	169	171
Gabon	64	68	83	118	139	152	159	164	165
Djibouti	61	63	63	70	143	154	155	156	157
Guam	122	129	131	134	136	139	140	143	149
Comoros	9	93	144	146	146	146	146	147	147
Curacao	14	20	22	33	108	122	126	126	143
Aruba	49	58	71	85	98	107	107	109	139
Andorra	84	101	110	115	125	127	127	128	130
Benin	44	52	70	93	99	101	104	108	128
Tajikistan	90	91	91	91	91	91	91	122	125
Equatorial Guinea	86	86	91	102	112	118	121	123	124
Sierra Leone	76	79	79	79	79	79	100	120	121
South Sudan	63	64	93	112	115	115	117	119	120
Guinea-Bissau	45	45	48	63	67	68	69	76	119
Saint Lucia	5	13	35	60	74	79	84	89	103
Seychelles	0	4	11	21	27	40	57	86	102
Central African Republic	63	63	63	72	88	98	98	98	100
Gibraltar	6	75	93	94	94	94	94	94	97
San Marino	59	67	74	84	90	90	90	90	90
Jersey	42	66	69	69	69	69	69	69	77
Timor-Leste	0	0	0	0	3	16	24	26	72
Liechtenstein	44	53	55	56	56	57	58	58	58
Singapore	29	29	29	30	30	33	36	37	55
United States Virgin Islands	23	24	25	26	27	27	30	37	54
Sint Maarten	27	27	27	27	27	28	33	34	51
Barbados	7	12	33	42	44	47	47	48	50
United Republic of Tanzania	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	21	50
Antigua and Barbuda	5	7	14	28	32	42	42	43	44
Eritrea	3	7	7	10	10	14	23	35	38
British Virgin Islands	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	31	37
Sao Tome and Principe	17	17	29	34	35	37	37	37	37
Monaco	3	13	24	28	32	32	33	33	35
Bermuda	10	12	12	12	27	32	33	33	33
Iceland	29	29	29	29	29	30	30	30	33
Mauritius	10	10	10	12	16	18	18	20	31
Isle of Man	25	25	25	29	29	29	29	29	29
New Zealand	25	25	26	26	26	26	26	26	26
Turks and Caicos Islands	6	9	14	17	17	17	18	18	20
Guernsey	16	16	17	17	17	17	17	17	18
Bonaire	3	3	4	10	16	17	17	17	17
Saint Martin	12	12	12	12	13	15	27	30	17
Lao People's Democratic Republic	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	7	14
Other	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13	13
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	0	2	8	10	11	12	12	12	12
Burundi	2	2	3	6	6	6	8	9	10
Brunei Darussalam	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	3	9
Wallis and Futuna	0	0	0	4	7	7	7	7	7
Dominica	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	4
Bhutan	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	2	3
Saint Kitts and Nevis	0	0	0	0	0	0	3	3	3
Cayman Islands	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Faroe Islands	0	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	2
Northern Mariana Islands (Commonwealth of the)	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2	2
Grenada	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Montserrat	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1	1
Saint Barthalemy	0	0	0	1	1	1	1	1	1
American Samoa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Anguilla	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Cook Islands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
North Korea	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Falkland Islands (Malvinas)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Greenland	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Holy See	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Kiribati	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Marshall Islands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Micronesia (Federated States of)	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Nauru	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
New Caledonia	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Niue	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Palau	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Pitcairn Islands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saba	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saint Helena	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Saint Pierre and Miquelon	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Samoa	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Sint Eustatius	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Solomon Islands	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tokelau	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tonga	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Turkmenistan	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Tuvalu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Vanuatu	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0